Matthias Röhrig – Capoeira – The History of Afro-Brazilian Material Art

Matthias Röhrig – Capoeira – The History of Afro-Brazilian Material Art

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Salepage: Matthias Röhrig – Capoeira – The History of Afro-Brazilian Material Art

First documented among African and Creole slaves in late colonial Brazil, the martial art capoeira spread,despite periodic clampdowns by the police, to the free underclasses of Brazilian cities throughout thenineteenth century.
Capoeira is now a mainstream sport, taught in Brazilian fitness centres, schools anduniversities, and practised by a range of people of different age, class, gender and ethnicity around theworld.
Some practitioners now even seek Olympic recognition for capoeira.
The change in meaning and purposes of capoeira has led to conflicts between traditionalists, for whomcapoeira is part of an African cultural heritage, and reformers, who wish to see capoeira develop as aninternational sport.
There is consensus, however, that capoeira is a weapon to be used against socialinjustice and racial exclusion.
Capoeira: The History of an Afro-Brazilian Martial Art explores capoeira as a field of confrontationwhere different struggles that divide Brazilian society are played out.
It contains a first English languagescholarly account of capoeira’s early history and development to the present day.
Matthias Röhrig Assunção is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of History and the Centre for LatinAmerican Studies, University of Essex, England.
His previous publications deal with slavery in Maranhão(Northern Brazil), popular culture and the political history of the Brazilian Empire.
EDIT: This Book is completely in english language

Health and Medical course

More information about Medical:

Medicine is the science and practice of establishing the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness.
Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences, biomedical research, genetics, and medical technology to diagnose, treat, and prevent injury and disease,
typically through pharmaceuticals or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, external splints and traction, medical devices, biologics, and ionizing radiation, amongst others.

Medicine has been around for thousands of years, during most of which it was an art (an area of skill and knowledge) frequently having connections to the religious and
philosophical beliefs of local culture. For example, a medicine man would apply herbs and say prayers for healing, or an ancient philosopher and physician would apply bloodletting according to the theories of humorism.
In recent centuries, since the advent of modern science, most medicine has become a combination of art and science (both basic and applied, under the umbrella of medical science).
While stitching technique for sutures is an art learned through practice, the knowledge of what happens at the cellular and molecular level in the tissues being stitched arises through science.

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